บทที่ 1
Thai Consonants
บทที่ 2
sà-rà / สระ / vowels
24 forms of Thai vowels
first consonants (พยัญชนะต้น)
3 group of consonants
อักษรกลาง (Middle consonants)
The basic tone is the middle tone.
ก จ ฎ ฏ ด ต บ ป อ
อักษรสูง (High consonants)
The basic tone is the rising tone.
ข ฉ ฐ ถ ผ ฝ ศ ษ ส ห
อักษรต่ำ (Low consonants)
The basic tone is the middle tone.
ค ฆ ง ช ซ ฌ ญ ฑ ฒ ณ ท
ธ น พ ฟ ภ ม ย ร ล ว ฬ ฮ
Lesson 3
combine first consonant and vowel -า
The Thai vowel “า” (sàrà aa) typically extends the sound of the vowel “a.” To combine it with a consonant, you’ll place the consonant before the vowel. For example:
ก (g) + า = กา (gaa)
ม (m) + า = มา (maa)
The vowel “า” makes the consonant sound long, so กา is pronounced like “gaa” and มา is pronounced like “maa.”
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Lesson 4
การประสมอักษรต้นกับ สระ -ะ
combine first consonant and vowel -ะ
The Thai vowel “ะ” (sara à) is a short vowel that typically appears after a consonant. To combine it with a consonant, you’ll place the vowel directly after the consonant. For example:
- ก (g) + ะ = กะ (gà)
- ม (m) + ะ = มะ (má)
In these combinations, the vowel “ะ” makes the consonant sound short. So กะ is pronounced like “gà”
and มะ is pronounced like “má”
Lesson 5
The Thai vowel -ิ (sara ì)
When vowel -ิ is combined with a consonant, it is written above the consonant and creates a short “ì” sound. For example:
ก (g) + ิ = กิ (gì)
ม (m) + ิ = มิ (mí)
So the vowel -ิ modifies the consonant to produce a short “ì” sound, and it appears above the consonant in writing.
The Thai vowel – ี (sara ii)
The Thai vowel – ี (sara ii) is a long vowel that is placed above the consonant. When combined with a consonant, it creates a long “ee” sound. Here’s how it works:
ก (g) + ี = กี (gii or gee)
ม (m) + ี = มี (mii or mee)
In these combinations, the vowel – ี extends the sound of the consonant to produce a long “ee” sound. So กี is pronounced “gii” and มี is pronounced “mii.
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lesson 6
combine first consonant with vowel -ึ
The Thai vowel -ึ (sara ùe) is a short vowel that is placed above the consonant. Here’s how it combines with a consonant:
ก (g) + ึ = กึ (gùe)
คึ (m) + ึ = คึ (kúe)
combine first consonant with vowel -ื
The Thai vowel – ื (sara ue) is a long vowel that is placed above the consonant. It creates a sound similar to the – ึ”ùe” but with a longer duration. Here’s how it combines with a consonant:
ก (g) + ื = กือ (gue)
ม (m) + ื = มือ (mue)
Lesson 7
combine first consonant with vowel -ุ
The Thai vowel – ุ (sara ù) is a short vowel that is placed below the consonant. It creates a short “u” sound, similar to the “u” Here’s how it combines with a consonant:
ก (g) + ุ = กุ (gù)
ม (m) + ุ = มุ (mú)
In these combinations, the vowel “ุ” gives the consonant a short “u” sound. So กุ is pronounced “gu” and มุ is pronounced “mu.
combine first consonant with vowel -ู
The Thai vowel “ู” (sara uu) is a long vowel that is placed below the consonant. It creates a long “uu” sound, similar to the “oo” in “moon.” Here’s how it combines with a consonant:
ด (g) + ู = ดู (duu or Doo)
ม (m) + ู = มู (muu or moo)
In these combinations, the vowel “ู” extends the vowel sound to be long. So ดู is pronounced “doo” and มู is pronounced “moo
Lesson 8
first consonant combine with vowel เ-ะ
In Thai, the vowel “เ-ะ” (e) is used to produce a short “e” sound. This vowel is part of a set of vowels that create different sounds based on their combination with consonants.
The vowel symbol “เ-ะ” is used in Thai to denote a short vowel sound, similar to the “e” in the English word “pen.”
for example :
ก (g) + เ-ะ = เกะ (gèh)
จ (j) + เ-ะ = เจะ (jèh)
ด (d) + เ-ะ = เดะ (dèh)
บ (b) + เ-ะ = เบะ (bèh)
พ (ph) + เ-ะ = เพะ (phèh)
first consonant combine with vowel เ-
In Thai, the vowel “เ-” (e) is used to produce a mid-length “e” sound, similar to the “e” in the English word “bed.” When this vowel is combined with a consonant, it typically creates a syllable where the consonant is followed by the vowel sound “เ-“.
for example :
Combining “เ-” with Consonants:
ก (g/k) + เ- = เก (ke)
จ (j) + เ- = เจ (je)
ด (d) + เ- = เด (de)
บ (b) + เ- = เบ (be)
first consonant combine with vowel แ-ะ
The vowel “แ-ะ” (ae) in Thai is used to produce a short “ae” sound, similar to the “a” in the English word “cat.” This vowel is represented by “แ” and combined with “ะ” to create the short vowel sound.
Combining “แ-ะ” with Consonants:
ก (g/k) + แ-ะ = แกะ (kàe)
จ (j) + แ-ะ = แจะ (jàe)
ด (d) + แ-ะ = แดะ (dàe)
บ (b) + แ-ะ = แบะ (bàe)
first consonant combine with vowel แ-
The vowel “แ-” (ae) in Thai represents a long “ae” sound
Combining “แ-” with Consonants:
ก (g) + เแ- = แก (kae)
จ (j) + เแ- = แจ (jae)
ด (d) + เแ- = แด (dae)
บ (b) + เแ- = แบ (bae)
first consonant combine with vowel โ-ะ
The vowel “โ-ะ” (o) in Thai is a short “o” sound, similar to the “o” in “note” but shorter.
Combining “โ-ะ” with Consonants:
ก (g) + โ-ะ = โกะ (gò)
จ (j) + โ-ะ = โจะ (jò)
ด (d) + โ-ะ = โดะ (dò)
บ (b) + โ-ะ = โบะ (bò)
พ (ph) + โ-ะ = โพะ (phó)
first consonant combine with vowel โ-
The vowel “โ-” (o) in Thai produces a long “o” sound, similar to the “o” in “go.”
Combining “โ-” with Consonants:
ก (g) + โ- = โก (go)
จ (j) + โ- = โจ (jo)
ด (d) + โ- = โด (do)
บ (b) + โ- = โบ (bo)
o.
first consonant combine with vowel เ-าะ
The vowel “เ-าะ” (aw) in Thai produces a short “aw” sound, similar to the “o” in “pot” or “cot” but shorter.
Combining “เ-าะ” with Consonants:
ก (g) + เ-าะ = เกาะ (gàw)
จ (j) + เ-าะ = เจาะ (jàw)
ด (d) + เ-าะ = เดาะ (dàw)
บ (b) + เ-าะ = เบาะ (bàw)
first consonant combine with vowel -อ
The vowel “อ” (or) in Thai produces a long “or” sound, similar to the “or” in “more.
Combining “อ” with Consonants:
ก (g) + อ = โก (gor)
จ (j) + อ = โจ (jor)
ด (d) + อ = โด (dor)
บ (b) + อ = โบ (bor)
first consonant combine with vowel เ-อะ
The vowel “เ-อะ” (è) in Thai produces a short “e” sound with a slight glottal stop, The vowel “เ-อะ” (è) is unique and somewhat challenging to match exactly with English words
Combining “เ-อะ” with Consonants:
ก (g) + เ-อะ = เกอะ (gè)
จ (j) + เ-อะ = เจอะ (jè)
ด (d) + เ-อะ = เดอะ (dè)
first consonant combine with vowel เ-อ
In Thai, the vowel “เ-อ” (er) produces a sound similar to the “er” in English words like “her”
Combining “เ-อ” with Consonants:
ก (g) + เ-อ = เกอ (ger)
จ (j) + เ-อ = เจอ (jer)
ด (d) + เ-อ = เดอ (der)
บ (b) + เ-อ = เบอ (ber)
first consonant combine with vowel เ-ียะ
The vowel “เ-ียะ” (ia) in Thai is a short vowel that combines a short “i” sound with a slight “a” sound. It’s used to create syllables with a specific short vowel sound that is somewhat akin to a combination of “i” and “a.”
Combining “เ-ียะ” with Consonants:
ก (g) + เ-ียะ = เกียะ (gìa)
จ (j) + เ-ียะ = เจียะ (jìa)
ด (d) + เ-ียะ = เดียะ (dìa)
first consonant combine with vowel เ-ีย
The vowel “เ-ีย” (ia) in Thai sounds quite similar to the “ear” in English, though with some nuances in pronunciation. It has a long vowel sound that blends the “i” and “a” sounds smoothly together, creating a single syllable with a similar quality to the English “ear.”
Combining “เ-ีย” with Consonants:
Here’s how “เ-ีย” combines with different consonants to form syllables:
ก (g) + เ-ีย = เกีย (gia)
จ (j) + เ-ีย = เจีย (jia)
ด (d) + เ-ีย = เดีย (dia)
first consonant combine with vowel เ-ือะ
The vowel “เ-ือะ” in Thai combines a short “ue” sound with a final “a” sound, somewhat like a clipped “uea” sound in English. This vowel is relatively unique and not always directly translatable into English sounds, but it is crucial for accurate pronunciation in Thai.
Combining “เ-ือะ” with Consonants:
ก (g) + เ-ือะ = เกือะ (kùea).
จ (j) + เ-ือะ = เจือะ (jùea)
first consonant combine with vowel เ-ือ
Thai vowel “เ-ือ” (uea) is indeed unique and does not have an exact equivalent in English. Its pronunciation involves a specific tongue position and lip rounding that doesn’t directly correspond to any single English vowel sound.
Combining “เ-ือ” with Consonants
ก (g) + เ-ือ = เกือ (guea)
จ (j) + เ-ือ = เจือ (juea)
ส (s) + เ-ือ = เสือ (suea) means Tiger
ร (r) + เ-ือ = เรือ (ruea) means boat , ship
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first consonant combine with vowel -ัวะ
The vowel -ัวะ (ùa) in Thai is a short vowel sound that blends “u” with “a” in a specific way.
Combining -ัวะ” with Consonants
ก (g) + ัวะ = กัวะ (gùa)
จ (j) + ัวะ = จัวะ (jùa)
ด (d) + ัวะ = ตัวะ (dùa)
first consonant combine with vowel -ัว
The vowel –ัว” (ua) in Thai is a long vowel that blends a rounded “u” sound with an “a” sound. It is pronounced with a continuous, smooth quality.
ก (g) + ัว = กัว (gua)
ต (dt) + ัว = ตัว (dtua)
บ (b) + ัว = บัว (bua)
first consonant combine with vowel -ำ
The vowel – ำ(am) in Thai is a nasalized vowel sound. It combines the vowel “a” with a nasal “m” sound, which is pronounced with the mouth slightly open and the nasal cavity involved.
Characteristics of -ำ (am)
Nasalized Vowel: “ำ” represents a nasalized vowel sound, blending “a” with a nasal “m” sound.
Live Syllable Rule: This vowel is always part of a live syllable, meaning it is never used with a final consonant in Thai.
Combining – ำ with Consonants
ก (g) + ำ = กำ (gam)
จ (j) + ำ = จำ (jam)
ด (d) + ำ = ดำ (dam)
บ (b) + ำ = บำ (bam)
first consonant combine with vowel ไ- and ใ-
The vowels “ไ-“ (ai) and “ใ-“ (ai) in Thai both represent the “ai” sound, but they are used in different contexts and have different orthographic rules.
syllables that use the vowels “ไ-“ (ai) and “ใ-“ (ai) are always considered live syllables. This means they never end with a final consonant.
“ไ-“ and “ใ-“ both produce only live syllables.
Examples of Live Syllables
“ไ-” (ai) Examples:
ไก่ (gài) – “chicken”
ไกล (glai) – “far”
ไม้ (mái) – “wood”
“ใ-” (ai) Examples:
ใกล้ (klâi) – “near”
ใจ (jai) – “heart”
ใช่ (châi) –”yes , correct “
first consonant combine with vowel เ-า
The vowel “เ-า” (ao) in Thai is a special vowel that always forms live syllables and is never followed by a final consonant. This means that when using this vowel, the syllable will end with the vowel sound itself and not with a final consonant.
Examples
Here are some examples of words with “เ-า”:
เกา (kao) – “to scratch” or “old” (as in “เก่า”).
เดา (dao) – “to guess”.
เบา (bao) – “light” (in weight).
เมา (mao) – “drunk”.
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